ABAP

Business Applications

Static

SAP SE

1983

Proprietary

ActionScript

Interactive Media

Dynamic

Gary Grossman

1998

Proprietary

Ada

Embedded Systems

Static

Jean Ichbiah

1980

GPL

Apex

CRM Development

Static

Salesforce

2007

Proprietary

APL

Array Programming

Dynamic

Kenneth E. Iverson

1966

Various

Assembly

Low-level Programming

Static

Various

1949

Various

Awk

Text Processing

Dynamic

Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, Brian Kernighan

1977

Open Source

Ballerina

Cloud Computing

Static

WSO2

2017

Apache

Bash

Scripting

Dynamic

Brian Fox

1989

GPL

BASIC

Education

Dynamic

John G. Kemeny, Thomas E. Kurtz

1964

Various

C#

Game Development

Static

Anders Hejlsberg

2000

MIT

C++

Systems Programming

Static

Bjarne Stroustrup

1985

ISO/IEC

CFML

Web Development

Dynamic

Allaire

1995

Open Source

Clojure

Functional Programming

Dynamic

Rich Hickey

2007

EPL

COBOL

Business Applications

Static

Grace Hopper, CODASYL Committee

1959

Public Domain

CoffeeScript

Web Development

Dynamic

Jeremy Ashkenas

2009

MIT

Common Lisp

AI Programming

Dynamic

Scott Fahlman, Richard P. Gabriel, Dave Moon

1984

Various

Crystal

Web Development

Static

Ary Borenszweig

2014

Apache

D

Systems Programming

Static

Walter Bright

2001

Boost

Dart

Mobile Development

Static

Google

2011

BSD

Delphi

Desktop Applications

Static

Borland

1995

Proprietary

Eiffel

Object-Oriented Programming

Static

Bertrand Meyer

1986

GPL

Elixir

Web Development

Dynamic

José Valim

2011

Apache

Elm

Web Development

Static

Evan Czaplicki

2012

BSD

Erlang

Concurrent Systems

Dynamic

Joe Armstrong, Robert Virding, Mike Williams

1986

Apache

F#

Functional Programming

Static

Microsoft Research

2005

MIT

Factor

Concatenative Programming

Dynamic

Slava Pestov

2003

BSD

Forth

Embedded Systems

Dynamic

Charles H. Moore

1970

Open Source

Fortran

Scientific Computing

Static

John Backus

1957

Open Source

Go

Backend Development

Static

Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, Ken Thompson

2009

BSD

Groovy

Scripting

Dynamic

James Strachan

2003

Apache

Hack

Web Development

Static

Facebook

2014

MIT

Haskell

Functional Programming

Static

Simon Peyton Jones, Paul Hudak, Philip Wadler

1990

BSD

Idris

Proof Assistant

Static

Edwin Brady

2009

BSD

Io

Prototyping

Dynamic

Steve Dekorte

2002

BSD

J

Array Programming

Dynamic

Kenneth E. Iverson

1990

GPL

Java

Backend Development

Static

James Gosling

1995

Oracle

JavaScript

Web Development

Dynamic

Brendan Eich

1995

MIT

Julia

Scientific Computing

Dynamic

Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, Alan Edelman

2012

MIT

Kotlin

Mobile Development

Static

JetBrains

2011

Apache

LabVIEW

Instrumentation Control

Visual

National Instruments

1986

Proprietary

Lisp

AI Programming

Dynamic

John McCarthy

1958

Public Domain

Logo

Education

Dynamic

Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert

1967

Public Domain

Lua

Game Development

Dynamic

Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes

1993

MIT

MATLAB

Numerical Computing

Dynamic

MathWorks

1984

Proprietary

MUMPS

Healthcare Systems

Dynamic

Massachusetts General Hospital

1966

Open Source

Nim

Systems Programming

Static

Andreas Rumpf

2008

MIT

Objective-C

Apple Development

Static

Brad Cox, Tom Love

1984

Open Source

OCaml

Functional Programming

Static

Xavier Leroy

1996

LGPL

Pascal

Education

Static

Niklaus Wirth

1970

Open Source

Perl

Text Processing

Dynamic

Larry Wall

1987

Artistic

PHP

Web Development

Dynamic

Rasmus Lerdorf

1994

PHP License

PL/SQL

Database Programming

Static

Oracle Corporation

1992

Proprietary

PowerShell

System Administration

Dynamic

Microsoft

2006

MIT

Prolog

Logic Programming

Declarative

Alain Colmerauer, Philippe Roussel

1972

BSD

PureScript

Web Development

Static

Phil Freeman

2013

MIT

Python

Scientific Computing

Dynamic

Guido van Rossum

1991

PSF

R

Data Science

Dynamic

Ross Ihaka, Robert Gentleman

1993

GPL-2

Racket

Education

Dynamic

PLT Inc.

1995

LGPL

Rebol

Messaging

Dynamic

Carl Sassenrath

1997

Apache

RPG

Business Applications

Static

IBM

1959

Proprietary

Ruby

Web Development

Dynamic

Yukihiro Matsumoto

1995

Ruby

Rust

Systems Programming

Static

Graydon Hoare

2010

MIT/Apache-2.0

SAS

Statistical Analysis

Static

SAS Institute

1976

Proprietary

Scala

Backend Development

Static

Martin Odersky

2003

Apache

Scheme

Education

Dynamic

Guy L. Steele Jr., Gerald Jay Sussman

1975

MIT

Scratch

Education

Visual

MIT Media Lab

2003

BSD

Smalltalk

Education

Dynamic

Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg

1972

MIT

Solidity

Blockchain Development

Static

Gavin Wood, Christian Reitwiessner

2014

MIT

SQL

Database Querying

Declarative

Donald D. Chamberlin, Raymond F. Boyce

1974

ANSI

Standard ML

Functional Programming

Static

Robin Milner

1983

BSD

Swift

Mobile Development

Static

Apple Inc.

2014

Apache

Tcl

GUI Development

Dynamic

John Ousterhout

1988

BSD

TypeScript

Web Development

Static

Anders Hejlsberg

2012

Apache

VBA

Office Automation

Static

Microsoft

1993

Proprietary

Verilog

Hardware Description

Static

Phil Moorby

1984

Open Source

VHDL

Hardware Description

Static

U.S. Department of Defense

1983

IEEE

Visual Basic

Windows Applications

Static

Microsoft

1991

Proprietary

Wolfram Language

Symbolic Computation

Dynamic

Stephen Wolfram

1988

Proprietary

Zig

Systems Programming

Static

Andrew Kelley

2015

MIT